many improvements

backup.sh

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ readonly NOW=$(date +'%Y-%m-%d')
 readonly THIS_RUN="${BACKUP_BASE}/${NOW}"
 readonly LATEST="${BACKUP_BASE}/latest"
 
+# Retention policy
+readonly KEEP_DAILY=3    # keep this many daily snapshots
+readonly KEEP_WEEKLY=2   # keep this many weekly (Sunday) snapshots
+
 # Directories (or files) to back up (without DB volumes)
 declare -a SOURCE_ITEMS=(
   "/home/oster/server"
@@ -37,20 +41,15 @@ RSYNC_OPTS=(
   "${EXCLUDES[@]}"
 )
 
+# Link-dest array — populated later; using an array avoids unquoted-variable issues
+LINK_DEST=()
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # LOGGING
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 log() { echo "[$(date +'%F %T')] $*"; }
 die() { log "FATAL: $*"; exit 1; }
 
-# Locking
-lockfile="${BACKUP_BASE}/.backup.lock"
-cleanup() { rm -f "$lockfile"; }
-trap cleanup EXIT
-if ! ( set -o noclobber; echo "$$" > "$lockfile" ) 2>/dev/null; then
-  die "Another backup is already running (lockfile exists at $lockfile)."
-fi
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # FUNCTIONS
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -60,31 +59,30 @@ check_mount() {
   fi
 }
 
-# Rotation: keep 7 daily and 4 weekly
+# Rotation: keep KEEP_DAILY daily and KEEP_WEEKLY weekly snapshots
 rotate_old() {
-  log "Applying retention policy (7 daily, 4 weekly)."
-  cd "$BACKUP_BASE" || die "Cannot cd into $BACKUP_BASE"
+  log "Applying retention policy (${KEEP_DAILY} daily, ${KEEP_WEEKLY} weekly)."
 
-  # find snapshot dirs YYYY-MM-DD only
-  for dir in $(ls -1 | grep -E '^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}$'); do
-    keep=0
+  # Pre-compute the dates to keep so we don't fork date(1) inside every inner loop iteration
+  declare -A keep_dates=()
+  for i in $(seq 0 $(( KEEP_DAILY - 1 ))); do
+    keep_dates["$(date -d "-$i days" +%F)"]=1
+  done
+  last_sunday=$(date -d "last sunday" +%F)
+  for i in $(seq 0 $(( KEEP_WEEKLY - 1 ))); do
+    keep_dates["$(date -d "${last_sunday} -$(( i * 7 )) days" +%F)"]=1
+  done
 
-    # Keep last 7 daily
-    for i in $(seq 0 6); do
-      [ "$dir" = "$(date -d "-$i day" +%F)" ] && keep=1
-    done
+  # Collect snapshot dirs matching YYYY-MM-DD using a glob (nullglob makes empty glob safe)
+  for dir in "$BACKUP_BASE"/[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]-[0-9][0-9]; do
+    [ -d "$dir" ] || continue
+    name=$(basename "$dir")
 
-    # Keep last 4 Sundays (weeklies)
-    for i in $(seq 0 27); do
-      d=$(date -d "last sunday -$i week" +%F)
-      [ "$dir" = "$d" ] && keep=1
-    done
-
-    if [ $keep -eq 0 ]; then
-      log "  Deleting expired snapshot $dir"
-      rm -rf "$dir"
+    if [[ -v keep_dates["$name"] ]]; then
+      log "  Keeping snapshot $name"
     else
-      log "  Keeping snapshot $dir"
+      log "  Deleting expired snapshot $name"
+      rm -rf "${BACKUP_BASE:?}/$name"
     fi
   done
 }
@@ -95,14 +93,34 @@ rotate_old() {
 log "=== Starting backup run: $NOW ==="
 check_mount
 
-mkdir -p "$BACKUP_BASE" "$THIS_RUN"
+# Fail early if the backup base directory doesn't exist (drive not mounted / path wrong)
+[ -d "$BACKUP_BASE" ] || die "Backup base directory $BACKUP_BASE does not exist."
+
+# Locking — base dir is confirmed to exist, so the lockfile write will succeed
+lockfile="${BACKUP_BASE}/.backup.lock"
+cleanup() { rm -f "$lockfile"; }
+trap cleanup EXIT
+if ! ( set -o noclobber; echo "$$" > "$lockfile" ) 2>/dev/null; then
+  # Check if the PID in the lockfile is still alive; if not, it's a stale lock
+  stale_pid=$(cat "$lockfile" 2>/dev/null || true)
+  if [[ -n "$stale_pid" ]] && ! kill -0 "$stale_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+    log "Removing stale lockfile (PID $stale_pid is no longer running)."
+    rm -f "$lockfile"
+    echo "$$" > "$lockfile"
+  else
+    die "Another backup is already running (PID ${stale_pid:-unknown}, lockfile: $lockfile)."
+  fi
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$THIS_RUN"
 
 # Incremental snapshot?
-if [ -d "$LATEST" ]; then
-  LINK_DEST="--link-dest=$(readlink -f "$LATEST")"
-  log "Using link-dest for incremental snapshot → $LATEST"
+if [ -L "$LATEST" ] && [ -d "$LATEST" ]; then
+  latest_real=$(readlink -f "$LATEST")
+  LINK_DEST=("--link-dest=${latest_real}")
+  log "Using link-dest for incremental snapshot → $latest_real"
 else
-  LINK_DEST=""
+  LINK_DEST=()
   log "No previous backup; creating full snapshot."
 fi
 
@@ -113,7 +131,7 @@ for src in "${SOURCE_ITEMS[@]}"; do
   mkdir -p "$dst"
   log "Backing up $src → $dst"
   nice -n 10 ionice -c2 -n7 \
-    rsync "${RSYNC_OPTS[@]}" $LINK_DEST \
+    rsync "${RSYNC_OPTS[@]}" "${LINK_DEST[@]}" \
       "$src"/ "$dst"/
 done